Biomass is considered carbon neutral because the carbon dioxide (CO2) released when it is burned for energy is roughly equivalent to the amount of CO2 that the plants and trees absorbed from the atmosphere during their growth. This creates a closed carbon cycle with no net increase in atmospheric CO2 levels. Here’s why biomass is considered carbon-neutral:

1. Photosynthesis: During their growth, plants and trees undergo photosynthesis, a process where they absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. They use this CO2, along with sunlight and water, to produce carbohydrates (e.g., cellulose and lignin) and release oxygen (O2).
2. Carbon Storage: The carbon absorbed during photosynthesis is stored in the biomass of the plants and trees. This stored carbon makes up the wood, leaves, and other organic matter.
3. Biomass Energy Production: When biomass materials, such as wood, crop residues, or other organic matter, are burned for energy, the carbon stored in the biomass is released as CO2 back into the atmosphere. This is the same carbon that was originally absorbed during photosynthesis.
4. Closed Carbon Cycle: As long as new plants and trees are grown to replace those that were harvested or burned for biomass energy, the carbon cycle remains closed. The new vegetation absorbs CO2 during their growth, essentially offsetting the CO2 emissions from the combustion of biomass. This balance ensures that there is no net increase in atmospheric CO2 levels.

It’s important to note that the carbon neutrality of biomass energy relies on sustainable management practices. If biomass is harvested faster than it can regrow or if forests are not replanted, it can lead to a temporary increase in atmospheric CO2 levels. Therefore, responsible forestry and agricultural practices are essential to maintaining the carbon neutrality of biomass energy.

Additionally, the carbon neutrality of biomass energy does not mean there are no emissions associated with its production and transportation. There may be some emissions from these processes, but they are generally considered smaller in comparison to the CO2 that is offset by the growth of new biomass.